PHL 205
CONTEMPORARY MORAL ISSUES
SPRING 2014
  EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE


ABORTION

On what question does Don Marquis say the question of the morality of abortion stands or falls? What's wrong with killing a fully grown human being according to Marquis? How does Marquis attempt to use this same reason to explain the wrongness of abortion? How does Marquis stake out his position so that abortion is immoral but contraception is still permissible? Marquis says that "[the pro-choicer] may attempt to find reasons why killing infants, young children, and the severely retarded is wrong which are independent of her major principle that is supposed to explain the wrongness of taking human life, but which will not also make abortion immoral. This is no easy task.." Why isn't it an easy task? Explain the dilemma for the pro-choicer.

What is the famous violinist example put forward by Judith Jarvis Thompson. What is it supposed to show? How is the argument weak? What is the coma patient analogy?

What are some answers to the pro-choice arguments that we don't know when life begins, that a woman has a right to control her own body? What's an objection to the argument that Catholic teachings about birth control in the U.S. exert influence on impressionable teens, leading them to have unprotected sex? What are some objection to "unwanted children" or "quality of life" arguments in favor of abortion?

For what reasons to women typically get abortions in the U.S.? What did Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton rulings have to say with regard to abortion? Under these two laws, what restrictions, if any, are there on abortion? What is partial-birth abortion and why was the procedure banned by Federal law? What arguments are there to keep abortion legal, even if immoral?

What were so-called "bubble" laws related to abortion and why were they struck down by the supreme court? What sort of help, if any, do pro-life organizations give pregnant mothers who decide not to have an abortion?

FEMINISM

Are there any innate biological differences between men and women which affects their behavior or abilities to perform certain jobs? Why is it that patriarchy lasted so long? What pivotal social changes or historical events laid the groundwork for women's rights, apart from political activism on the part of suffragettes and feminists? What are some positive impacts and criticisms of the feminist movement in the U.S.? How are women's rights different in the West than elsewhere?

It is often claimed that the fact that women on the average make 59 to 75 cents on the dollar compared to men is evidence of overt sexism and institutional discrimination against women. What are some other explanations for the "wage gap" and "glass ceiling" other than overt sexism discussed in class and in the Warren Farrel reading?

How many people the U.S. consider themselves feminists?  Who is more likely to use the label to describe themselves? Are more men or women currently enrolled in college? Who possesses more college degrees, men or women? What's the trend? According to a study published in Gender and Society, why do more men drop out of school than women? According to a new book The Rise of Women, why do boys like school less and get worse grades than girls? According to Warren Farrell, why do  men earn more than women? How does the Swift economics blog argue that blaming wage differences in sexual discrimination makes no economic sense?What reasons does the Switft Economics blog give for gender-based pay disparity?

How are women's rights outside North America and Europe? How do women fare in fundamentalist Muslim countries in the Middle East by comparison?