Now turn the page in your packet and go to page 74.

II  Where do lipids come from?

Plants make triglycerides and phospholipids from fragments of glucose.  Plants make sterols, but do NOT make cholesterol because they don't need cholesterol.  They need sterols, just not cholesterol.

Animals make triglycerides from fragments of carbohydrates, proteins or fats.  Animals can make cholesterol from saturated fatty acids.  Humans make all of the fatty acids they need except 2 called the EFA (essential fatty acids).

Look at the following drawings and notice that both of them are combinations of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.  As I said, both plants and animals (including us) can make fat (triglycerides) from fragments of glucose.



A TRIGLYCERIDE
GLUCOSE



III  Lipoproteins

What 4 substances are in all 3 lipoproteins that we'll talk about?  Watch the following Video Clip to answer this one.


Video Clip: Lipoproteins
approximately 6 minutes
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IV  Recommendations regarding lipids & heart health

Key words include enjoy, whole and variety/balance.
  1. Enjoy a variety of plant foods usually low in fat such as WHOLE grains, fruits & vegetables, especially green leaves, whose cells make valuable omega 3 fatty acids.

  2. Enjoy a variety of WHOLE plant foods rich in fat, like nuts, paying attention to portion size if calories are a concern. 

  3. If not a vegetarian, enjoy animal foods (considering grass-fed beef), looking for variety to get a balance of the many beneficial fatty acids, both saturated and unsaturated.

  4. If calories a concern, pay attention to portion sizes of foods that are entirely fat such as butter, margarine and cooking oils.

Watch the next Video Clip to complete these blanks in your Lecture Outline. 

Nutritional disadvantages of a low fat diet.
  1. hard to get enough  _FA (essential fatty acids)
  2. hard to get enough vitamin _
  3. may increase _DL and lower _DL (and that's the opposite of what is healthy)

Video Clip: Lipids and Heart Health
approximately 5 minutes
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Saturated fat in the diet usually has a bigger effect on someone's risk of heart disease than does the actual cholesterol in the diet. The saturated fat is used by the body to make cholesterol, which can collect along artery walls and obstruct blood flow.  As your Lecture Outline says, cholesterol is a wax.


Something that can contribute to the obstruction is damage to the lining of the blood vessels, which can happen due to a variety of reasons, including smoking.  When the lining of the heart artery is damaged, small blood particles called platelets accumulate causing reduced blood flow and a heart attack.



The Harvard Mental Health Letter says that people with a set of traits known as the Type D (“distressed”) personality suffer from a high degree of emotional distress, but they consciously suppress their feelings.


Video Clip: A Little More About
Risk of Heart Attacks
approximately 1 minute
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END OF LECTURE 5A.  (If you skipped ahead while waiting for Video Clips to download, remember to return to them.)
Now you're ready for LECTURE 5B.