Iontophoresis

Phonophoresis

Mechanism

Uses ionic forces / direct current to deliver charged medication through skin through active transport

Uses thermal effect from ultrasonic waves to increase permeability and allow for passive transport of charged and uncharged (neutral) medication through skin

Medication

Medications are ordered by the physician and mixed in solution by a pharmacist

Medications are ordered by the physician and mixed by a pharmacist into the ultrasound coupling gel

Method

Direct current applied through an absorbent electrode; current may be applied through an external device, or embedded in a "wear home" patch

Acoustic energy (ultrasound) through a medicated coupling agent (gel); used in thermal applications

Safety

Screen for skin (integrity, sensitivities)

Check charge of medication before applying to electrode

Limit current to 4-5mA if using a iontophoretic device

Screen for contraindications for ultrasound treatment

"Whipping' coupling agent prior to application adds air and decreases acoustic transmission

Dosage

Calculated as current over time (milliampere - min; mA - min)

W/cm2 over time (min)

Actual dose of medication varies with medication properties