Summary of PT Examination
- History, Observation, Inspection, review diagnostic imaging and reports as available
- Joint motion assessment (hip, knee, ankle)
- Resisted isometric muscle assessment
- Ligament stability testing (single and combined planes)
- Palpation
- Neuro testing (DTR, sensory)
- Special tests: Joint mobility testing (tibiofemoral gliding, patellofemoral gliding)
- Functional mobility (gait, squat, balance, stairs, jumping (depends on acuity level and patient-ability)
Summary of Special Tests: Approximate Video Lengths - 10 minutes
|
Name of Test |
Outcome |
|
Lachman |
Test for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency; no firm end-feel with anterior mobilization of tibia when the knee is is 10-20 degrees of flexion
|
|
Anterior drawer |
Test for ACL insufficiency; excessive anterior translation of tibia on femur when knee is flexed 60-90 degrees and tibia is mobilized anteriorly
|
|
Pivot shift |
Test for ACL insufficiency; Valgus force and internal rotation force is applied in 10-20 degree knee flexion and results in anterior tibia subluxation |
|
Posterior sag |
Test for posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) insufficiency; Tibia slides posterior when hip and knee are flexed passively to 90 degrees
|
|
Varus / Valgus test |
Test for lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) insufficiency; excessive lateral/medial motion of the tibia when a lateral/medial stress is applied in 20 degrees of knee flexion
|
|
McMurray test |
Test for meniscus insufficiency: pain is produced when the knee is flexed to 90 degrees and the tibia is moved from internal to external rotation
|
|
Apley Grind test |
Test for meniscus insufficiency: pain is produced when patient is prone with knee flexed and compression forces are applied for internal and external rotation
|
|
Clarke's Sign |
Test for PFDS and/or chondromalacia patella: test is positive if pain is reproduced under patella during quad activation.
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